See 向かう on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "向き合う",
"2": "むきあう"
},
"expansion": "向(む)き合(あ)う (mukiau)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shift from 向(む)き合(あ)う (mukiau).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "mukafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "向かい",
"roman": "mukai",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "向かった",
"roman": "mukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "むかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "むかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "むかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "mukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "むかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むかう",
"hhira": "むかふ",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "向(む)かう • (mukau) ^(←むかふ (mukafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 向(む)かい (mukai), past 向(む)かった (mukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to face"
],
"id": "en-向かう-ja-verb-m-unu1fJ",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go towards"
],
"id": "en-向かう-ja-verb-5LZNvd94"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "向かう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "向き合う",
"2": "むきあう"
},
"expansion": "向(む)き合(あ)う (mukiau)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shift from 向(む)き合(あ)う (mukiau).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "mukafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "向かい",
"roman": "mukai",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "向かった",
"roman": "mukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "むかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "mukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "むかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "むかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "mukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "むかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "むかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むかう",
"hhira": "むかふ",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "向(む)かう • (mukau) ^(←むかふ (mukafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 向(む)かい (mukai), past 向(む)かった (mukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to face"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to go towards"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "向かう"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 向かう meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向かう",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.